Fig 1: Protein levels of BMAL1, CRY1, CES1, CES2, CDA, UPP2, and DPD in mice livers at ZT1, ZT7, ZT13, and ZT19. Representative immunoblots are shown in a, b, c, and d, and the quantification of indicated protein levels are shown in e. Results are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 5) (Cosinor analysis, BMAL1: *p = 0.02; CRY1: *p = 0.01; CDA: *p = 0.04; UPP2: *p = 0.03; CES1: **p = 0.001; CES2; **p = 0.008; DPD: **p = 0.004). SEM = standard error of mean.
Fig 2: Metabolism pathway of capecitabine. Capecitabine is converted to 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5'DFCR) by carboxylesterases (CESs), which are mainly located in the liver and then 5'DFCR is converted to 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'DFUR) by cytidine deaminase (CDA) in the liver and tumor. 5'DFUR is converted to 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) by pyrimidine phosphorylases (PyNPase) in the liver and tumor. Finally, 5-FU is catabolized by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in the liver.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Anti-DPD antibody